Article 100 — Voting in Houses, Power of Houses to Act Notwithstanding Vacancies and Quorum

(1) Save as otherwise provided in this Constitution, all questions at any sitting of either House or joint sitting of the Houses shall be determined by a majority of votes of the members present and voting... (3) Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the quorum to constitute a meeting of either House of Parliament shall be one-tenth of the total number of members of the House.

Source: Constitution of India, as published by the Ministry of Law and Justice.

The simple majority rule for ordinary legislation reflects democratic efficiency. Governments should be able to pass their programme without needing supermajority support for routine legislation. The Constitution specifies higher thresholds (two-thirds of members present and voting, plus majority of total membership) only for constitutional amendments under Article 368 and certain other special situations.

• Article 79
• Article 368

Last reviewed: 3 July 2026